Nationalism,+Industrialization+and+Imperialism



Nationalismas revolutions swept through the Atlantic in the late 18th and early 19th centuries people came to identify themselves as part of a community called a nation.

1. Complete the who, what, when, where, why analysis of the Treaty of Westphalia


 * Treaty of Westphalia**
 * Who? Spain and the Dutch Republic
 * What? It ended Thirty Years War + Granted rights to individual rulers w/ in the Holy Roman Empire to choose thier own religion + introduced Sovereignty is based on two things: territoriality and the absence of a role for external agents in domestic structures
 * When? 1648
 * Where? Osnabruck and Munster (Germany)
 * Why? Because the war was becoming out of control and they had to put an end to it.

2. Define nationalism in your own words: Nationalism is to say that all other nations are worse than ones own

Take notes on the following. Make sure you connect the events back to nationalism. 3. Summarize the global impact of nationalism (limit to 200 words/ 1/2 page) Political viewpoint with origins in western Europe; often allied with other "ism"; urge importance of national unity; valued a collective identity based on culture, race, or ethnic origin. In other word Nationalism is one love for it's country and because of it revolution, wars, ethnic tension, and other conflicts of different degrees have occurred throughout history. For example what we just read the American, Haitan, Venezuelan, and French Revolution. Nationalism has shaped the histories/destinies of many countries and could unite people into cohesive/stable nations. Other examples could be the Mexican-American War, Spanish- American War, and World World I/II. Nationalism has been a global impact throught decates because all coutries have their own flag, anthem, culture, etc. Like in school in the USA every morning during annoucements we say the pladge to the flag. Back in Venezuela and in Colombian every morning we had to sign the anthem before the school day started all those things are symbols of nationalism. Unifications of Italy and Germany are big nationalism movements because it went from having different state to a single sstate with one single flag, culture, race, and ethnic group.
 * Unification of Italy: was the political and social movement that agglomerated different states of the Italian peninsula into the single state of Italy in the 19th century (1870)
 * Unification of Germany: Germany was made up of 39 states led by Austria and Prussia. Jointly, they were known as the German confederation (1866)
 * Zionism: Jewish political movement that has supported the self-determination of the Jewish people in a Palastine (diaspara)
 * Brazilian Independence: disputes between Brazil and Portugal because Portugal had taken over Brazil and then they fought for their independence which is now celebrated on Sept 7th
 * Monroe Doctrine: A policy of the United States (December 2, 1823) which states that further efforts by European countries to take over land/interfere w states= would be viewed as acts of aggression= War and Arguments
 * Argentine Republic: Second largest country in South America. Got it's independence from Spain May 25, 1810 . It's gov is a federal representative presidential republic
 * Balkan Nationalism: Threatened Austria, had a large southern Slav population. Russia and Austria nearly came to blows ons everal occasions over Balkan issues. (1990s)

**Industrialization**
4. Look at the data below and answer the questions that follow

//Index Numbers of World Trade (Volume of trade in selected years compared to 1913)// // Iron Production (1000's Metric Tons) // //Years of Life Expectancy at Birth//
 * Year || Index Number ||
 * 1850 || 10 ||
 * 1870 || 24 ||
 * 1895 || 48 ||
 * 1901 || 67 ||
 * 1911 || 96 ||
 * 1913 || 100 ||
 * || 1830 || 1850 || 1913 ||
 * Britain || 700 || 2,716 || 9,792 ||
 * France || 244 || 1,262 || 4,626 ||
 * Russia || 167 || 231 || 3,870 ||
 * Germany || 111 || 246 || 14,836 ||
 * Country || Year: 1820 || Year: 1900 ||
 * Britain || 40 || 50 ||
 * Average,rest of Western Europe || 36 || 46 ||
 * United States || 39 || 47 ||
 * Japan || 34 || 44 ||
 * Russia || 28 || 32 ||
 * Average, all Latin America || 27 || 32 ||
 * Average, all Asia || 23 || 24 ||
 * Average all Africa || 23 || 24 ||

I think the chart with the Iron Production is the most significant because it show house in ever coutry by the years going by the Iron Production increased. For example from 1830- 1913 in Britain the Iron Production went from 700-9,792 or in Germany from 111 in 1830 to 14,836 in 1913 These data sets tell us that throught those years the Industrial Revolution increased number in many ways especially on the Iron production, World Trading and Years of Life Expectancy at Birth.
 * Which of the data sets above do you think is the most significant? Why?
 * Taken together what do these data sets tell us?

5. Read the following and answer the questions below [|Industrial Revolution Introduction.pdf] Period from the 18th-19th century where major changes in agriculture/manufacturing/mining/transportation + tech had an effect on the socioeconomic/cultural conditions of the times. Began -> United Kingdom then spread -> Europe + North America (eventually the world) The Industrial Revolution originated in Britain, then moved on to the U.S. But in a matter of years it had spread throughtout the world. The Industrial Revolution mejor effects were the formation of new cities, iron and othher productions increased, and gave better living conditions.
 * What was the Industrial revolution?
 * What was its origins?
 * What were its major effects?

6. Now referring to your textbook create a chart or mindmap of the effects of Industrialization. You must include the following


 * Gender roles/issues || Entrepreneurs who opened factories and shipping companies became very rich. People who worked int eh factories for the entrepreneurs were poor. Everyone in the family worked, the father, the mother, and the children because families were so poor they needed to make the most possible income to survive. ||
 * Family Structures || Women with families at home work 12hours a day and were still expected to cook, clean, etc when they got home. Families needed the income that children's could provide so they also worked. Children could be hired at very low wages and work for the same long hours in the same dangerous factories. ||
 * Social Structures || The industrial revolution brought rapid urbanization; the movement of people to the cities because of high demands for workers and population explosion. Cities grew around factories; working people lived in tenements in hellish slums. No sanitation which meant street filled with trash= breeding ground for disease like cholera. ||
 * Extension of voting rights (chartist movement) || Artisans and workers in Britain generated a new movement to gain the vote (Chartist movement) which hoped that a democratic government would regulate new technologies and promote popular education (1840s). Demands for reform beyond the Reform Bill of 1832 were incorporated into a series of petitions; movement failed. ||
 * Mass leisure culture || Rise of Spectator Sports; Consumer Culture; Other Forms of Entertainment; Newspaper became feature around stock; Entertainment instead of political principles; Comedy + music attracted thousands of ppl; Vacation trips became more common ||
 * Romanticism || Held emotion and impression, not reason and generalization, were the keys to the mysteries of human experience and nature. Artists portrayed intense passions, even madness, not calm reflection. Romantic novelists wanted to move readers to tears, not philosophical debate; painters sought empathy with the beauties of nature or the storm tossed tragedy of shipwreck. ||
 * Socialism || Depended above all on the power of grievances of the working class, with allies from other groups. It reflected political theory. Focus on human perfectibility: set up a few exemplary communities where work and rewards would be shared, and the evils of capitalism would end. ||
 * Communism || Karl Max and Frederic Engels wrote The Communist Manifesto. Everything is owned by the government and they closely dominate the economy ||

**Imperialism** 7. Examine the map below and the data that follows - What do they show us? The map shows us the British Empire in teh 1920's was taking over mnay part of the world. For exapmple Canada, Australia, some of Central and South America, India, some in African and Asia. I think this has to do with military power so they use that against other coutries.

//Extent of Colonial Control//
 * ~  ||~ Great Britain ||~ France ||~ Belgium ||~ Netherlands ||~ Germany (1914) ||
 * ~ Area in Square Miles || 94,000 || 212,600 || 11,800 || 13,200 || 210,000 ||
 * ~ Population || 45,500,100 || 42,000,000 || 8,300,000 || 8.500,000 || 67,500,000 ||
 * ~ Area of Colonies || 13,100,000 || 4,300,000 || 940,000 || 790,000 || 1,100,000 ||
 * ~ Population of Colonies || 470,000,000 || 65,000,000 || 13,000,000 || 66,000,000 || 13,000,000 ||

SOURCE: Mary Evelyn Townsend, //European Colonial Expansion Since 1871// (Chicago: J.P. Lippincott Company, 1941), p. 19

//Percentage of Territories Belonging to the European/US Colonial Powers// (1900)
 * ||~ Percentage Controlled ||~  ||
 * ~ Africa || 90.4% ||
 * ~ Polynesia || 98.9% ||
 * ~ Asia || 56.5% ||
 * ~ Australia || 100.0% ||
 * ~ Americas || 27.2% ||

SOURCE: A. Supan, //Die territoriale Entwicklung der Euroaischen Kolonien// (Gotha, 1906), p. 254

8. Define Imperialism in your own words: The practice of a country extending its control over territory, political, and/or economic of another.

9. What were the motivations for Imperialism? Raw Resources; People; and Land were the motivations for Imperialism. Raw Resources - gold, copper, spices, tea, minerals, gems, etc People - to provide the pedal-power necessary to make things. Older Empires used people both voluntarily + enslaved, while later Empires tended to move away from enslavement Land - gaining + retaining strategic land/ports so that control can be maintained over the the people/resources

While many countries, including but not limited to France, Germany, Belgium, and the United Nations, engaged in Imperialist activity; Great Britain is known above all as the best example of a true imperialist nation. We will examine the actions of Great Britain to gain a better understanding of the nature, extent and effects of Imperialism.

10. Before note-taking, look for the following key terms (not in the glossary!) and define them in your own words.


 * The British East India Company: English joint-stock company initially to pursuing trade w/ the East Indies -> ended up trading mainly with the Indian + China
 * Sepoys: Gave Indian soldiers the service of a European power
 * British Raj: name given to the period of British colonial rule in South Asia (1858-1947)
 * Partition of Africa/ Berlin Conference: Partition of Africa was the process of invasion/attack/occupation/annexation of African territory by European powers. The Berlin Conference to discuss the Africa problem -> condemning slave trade + prohibiting sale of alcoholic beverages + firearms in certain regions + expressing concern for missionary activities
 * Settlement Colonies: Areas, such as North America/Australia, that were both conquered by European invaders + settled by large numbers of European migrant show made the colonized areas their permanent home and disperser and decimated the indigenous inhabitants.
 * White Dominions: Colonies where European settler made up the majority of the population; small numbers of native inhabitants were reduced by disease/war of conquest. Accounted for a good portion of land area but only a tiny minority of the population of Britain's global empire.
 * Cecil Rhodes: born in 1853, played a major political and economic role in colonial South Africa. He was a financier, statesman, and empire builder with a philosophy of mystical imperialism
 * James Cook: Captain 1777-1779, British explorer, navigator/ cartographer from was first welcomed as a god because he had the good luck to land during a sacred period when war was forbidden

11. Now go through your book and complete the graphic organizer below
 * Country || How Britain gained control - steps to conquest || Actions taken by Britain when in control/ power || Effects/ Reactions ||
 * India (note this will be more notes than the following two nations.) ||  ||   ||   ||
 * South Africa ||  ||   ||   ||
 * New Zealand ||  ||   ||   ||

12. Write a 1/2 - 1 page summary where you explain the connections between Nationalism, Industrialization and Imperialism

Imperialist countries almost always encouraged industrialization in the countries they controlled. Industrialization was brought to the countries that were taken over by Imperialism such as new ways of thinking and new ideas. Imperialism and Nationalism were strongly related in the cause of World War I. They are both meaning that a country has a great deal of respect and devotion to its own people. This caused countries to think they were superior to others. Therefore, they colonized places like Africa. So because of a great pride in ones country (nationalism) the people decided to spread their ideas (imperialism). When a nation considers its own country to be the utmost and highest level of achievement and power; that country is steeped in nationalism. When a nation begins taking over other nations for commercial profits that's imperialism.