Classical+China

Leader Analysis Sheet on Shi Huangdi People Dying Began the Great Wall
 * 2.1**
 * Name of Leader: Shi Huangdi ||
 * Lifespan: 259 B.C.E. – 210 B.C.E. ||  Title: King of China  ||
 * Country/Region: China ||  Years in Power: 246 B.C.E. - 221 B.C.E.  ||
 * Political, Social, & Economic Conditions Prior to Leaders Gaining Power:
 * No Central Powerful Government
 * No Leader
 * Greatest power = Leader
 * No Organization = No Army = Nomadic Groups Invaded Constantly ||
 * Ideology, Motivation, Goals:
 * United China
 * Creation of One Central Government
 * Get rid-off Aristocratic leaders
 * Build the Great Wall ||
 * Significant Actions & events During Term of Power:
 * Daoism (Philosophy)
 * Nation System of Census (Taxes)
 * Standard Language (Mandarin) ||
 * Short-Term Effects: *
 * He’s Army ||  Long-Term Effects:  *
 * Centralized the Government ||

**2.2 Analysis of a Philosophy (Confucianism)** **Confucianism:** During China’s political chaos and social instability, Chinese Prophet Confucius, presented his teachings to re-establish peace and to balance China. Confucius teachings were the best thing for China after the **era of the warring states**. After his death, his disciples past down his teaching to Chinese based on his principles of “relationships”. The “relationships were “ between ruler and subject, father and son, husband and wife, elder brother and younger brother, and friend and friend” and those built Chinas foundations. Just by restoring those relationships, China was set back to peace and order. So **Confucianism** was a Chinese system developed from the teachings of the Chinese philosopher Confucius which led to a better China.

** 2.3 ESPIRIT chart on the Han Dynasty **
 * E || * Land, poll and property taxes were paid in coin cash.
 * The widespread circulation of coin cash allowed successful merchants to invest money in land
 * The Han Dynasty inherited the Ban Liang coin type, which soon brought inflation
 * Liquor was another profitable private industry nationalized by the central government, and created monopolies ||
 * S || * Government became really corrupt
 * People behaved according to the principles of Confucianism (which was written on in the Analects), which encouraged moderation of behavior, love of wisdom, and respect for superiors (although superiors were also held accountable for how harshly they ruled).
 * 3 distinct social classes formed: bureaucrats and landlords, peasants, and mean people
 * Women were still considered subordinate ||
 * P || * Emperor was supreme judge and lawgiver
 * No limits to he’s power
 * Divided into political units of provinces commanderies and counties
 * Ranks and how much power you and your family had ||
 * <span style="display: block; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">I || * <span style="display: block; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Used the teachings of Legalism
 * <span style="display: block; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Adopted Daoism + Confucianism in making state decisions and shaping government policy
 * <span style="display: block; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Writing materials were clay tablets and silk cloth
 * <span style="background-color: #fbe528; display: block; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Mathematical achievements include solving problems w/ right-angle triangles, square roots, cube roots, and matrix methods
 * <span style="display: block; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Mathematical advancements was the world's first use of negative numbers
 * <span style="display: block; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">The Han applied mathematics to various diverse disciplines, like musical tuning.
 * <span style="display: block; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Mathematics were essential in drafting the astronomical calendar, a lunisolar calendar
 * <span style="display: block; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Astronomers said the universe was shaped like a sphere ||
 * <span style="display: block; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">R || * <span style="display: block; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Made ritual sacrifices of animals to deities, spirits, and ancestors at temples
 * <span style="display: block; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Emperor = “highest priest”
 * <span style="display: block; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">The three realms = Heaven, Earth, and Mankind
 * <span style="display: block; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Believed immortality could be achieved
 * <span style="display: block; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Buddhism entered China during the Eastern Han ||
 * <span style="display: block; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">I || * <span style="display: block; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Three common philosophies: Confucianism, Legalism and Daoism
 * <span style="display: block; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Confucianism -> Founded by Confucius, During Han, Favored by the emperors of Han
 * <span style="display: block; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Legalism -> Not Popular and Based on a police state idea
 * <span style="display: block; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Daoism -> Developed by Laozi, After Han-Favored by emperor, Loyalty in Empire ||
 * <span style="display: block; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">T || * <span style="display: block; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Astronomers, Seismotography, Precise Anatomy, Hygeine
 * <span style="display: block; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">poets and writers
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Art and Sciences developed strong plus mathematical and musical studies increased ||

** 2.4 Key Terms **
 * **Shi Huangdi** || King of the Chinese State of Qin during the Warring States Period and also became the first emperor of a unified China in 221 BC. But his death ended he's ruling. ||
 * **Qin** || Chinese dynasty established in 221 B.C.E at the end of the Warring States period. ||
 * **Han** || Chinese dynasty that succeeded the Qin in 202 B.C.E.; ruled for next 400 years. ||
 * **Zhou** || Vassal family of Shang China that might be Turkic in origin; They overthrew the Shang and established second historical Chinese dynasty that flourished. ||
 * **Great Wall** || Initiated during Qin dynasty by Shi Hyangdi but not finished by him. It was for defensive forticfication to keep out the nomadic invader from the north. ||
 * **Taoism** || or Daoism, philosophy developed by Laozi, (after Han) favored by emperor, loyalty in empire ||
 * **Confucianism** || Philosophy founded by Confucius, during Han, favored by the emperors of Han ||
 * **Legalism** || Philosophy not popular and based on a police state idea ||
 * **Bureaucracy** || Chinise combined organizational structure of a set of rules in place to manage activity. ||

Classical China was established basic components of a civilization by the short-lived **Qin dynasty by Shi Hyangdi** and four centuries of the **Han** rule. Shi Huangdi not only unified China but he was teh first emperor of it. Government was basically ruled by philosophies such as **Daoism, Confucianism and Legalism.** They used legalism for teaching in education and Confucianism + Daoism to make state decisions and shape government policies. Chinese civilization fits together by Patriarchal Societies where man are dominance and women should worship their husband like gods.
 * 2.5 Summary of Chapter:**