Middle+East




 * Identity and the Middle East**

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 * Share your identity chart with a partner. What commonalities do you have? What differences?
 * I did not share my chart with a partner because i was not in school the day this was done in class. But if i was to take i guess i would think that it wouldnt be much different unless i share it with someone that knows a lot on the Middle East.
 * What did you get right? What did you get wrong? Why was this?
 * I got right some of the countries that i "guessed" that were part of the Middle East
 * I also got wrong some of the countries i put down as part of the Middle East
 * I made those mistakes because i didn't know much about the Middle East until i read about it
 * I "guessed" those countries i got right was because i remember the map of "the middle east" shown on the book or a test
 * The map was all over Asia and Africa

Borders: Then and Now
Respond to the maps shown in the following Voicethread. Please respond with questions, comments, connections you may have.

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 * Maps show the controlled land by the Ottomans (1900s)
 * Kind of looks like the Middle East today
 * Middle East originated from the Ottoman Empire
 * There are no part of Africa in the other map
 * Looks like Iran is part of the M. East
 * The other map has less large states
 * M. East in the future is similar to today's map
 * Most of the larger states = broken up into smaller little states (today)
 * "M. Eastern states will break up into smaller states maybe as a result of war wanting independence"
 * In the last map some parts of Africa are said to be part of M. East

||
 * Name of Leader: Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini ||
 * Lifespan: Born Sept 22nd,1902 and Died June 3rd, 1989 (aged 86) || Title: 1st Supreme Leader ||
 * Country/Region: Iran || Years in Power: December 3, 1979 - June 3, 1989 ||
 * Political, Social, & Economic Conditions Prior to Leaders Gaining Power:
 * Father was murdered by criminals + mother died after (when he was very young)
 * Began religious + philosophical studies after WWI
 * A lecturer in political philosophy
 * Married Khadijeh Saqafi Khomeini
 * Became politically active in opposition to the government of the Shah
 * Opposition to a bill that would have reformed elections to allow non-Muslims to run for office
 * Opposition to the Iranian government
 * Was arrested but exiled after a year
 * Stayed in Turkey for a year and then moved to Iran ||
 * Ideology, Motivation, Goals:
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">To rescue the Islamic faith from the imperialist Westerners
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">Khomeini was determined and wanted to defeat Hussein after the Iran-Iraq war
 * <span style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: separate; line-height: 19px;">Imperialists + servants didn't want to be ruled by Islamic law
 * <span style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: separate; line-height: 19px;">To <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">restore what they believed in the Islamic civilization ||
 * <span style="display: block; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: left;">Significant Actions & Events During Term of Power: * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Iranian Revolution
 * <span style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: separate; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: 19px;">Established himself as an Islamic authority in Najaf,
 * <span style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: separate; line-height: 19px;">Developed his theory of Islamic governance
 * <span style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: separate; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: 19px;">Books:
 * <span style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: separate; line-height: 19px;"> Islamic Government: The Custodianship of the Jurists.
 * <span style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: separate; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: 19px;">Called for Islamic revolutions across the globe
 * <span style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: separate; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: 19px;">Promised racial change + moderate leaders to replace old racial religious figures
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Short-Term Effects:
 * <span style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: separate; line-height: 19px;">National Democratic Front and Muslim’s People Republican People
 * <span style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; border-collapse: collapse; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; line-height: normal;">Reforms of the Shah
 * <span style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; border-collapse: collapse; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; line-height: normal;">Veiling = obligatory for men + for women (middle class) || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Long-Term Effects:
 * <span style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: separate; line-height: 19px;">Islamic Constitution
 * <span style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: separate; line-height: 19px;">Republic
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">Built them based on Islamic beliefs
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">Spread of his beliefs throughout the globe ||

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||
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Name of Leader: Gamal Abdel Nasser ||
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Lifespan: Born 15 January 1918 and Died 28 September 1970 (aged 52) || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Title: 2nd President of Egypt and 1st President of the United Arab Republic ||
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Country/Region: Egypt || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Years in Power: 23 June 1956 – 28 September 1970 ||
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Political, Social, & Economic Conditions Prior to Leaders Gaining Power:
 * <span style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: separate; line-height: 19px;">Took part in anti-British demonstrations (very young)
 * <span style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: separate; line-height: 19px;">Graduated from Royal Military Academy
 * <span style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: separate; line-height: 19px;">After graduating he joined the Egyptian Army
 * <span style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: separate; line-height: 19px;">Continued w/ his anti-British activities (within army)
 * <span style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: separate; line-height: 19px;">Incident occurred = key turning point in activities
 * <span style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: separate; line-height: 19px;">British forced king of Egypt to accept a govt that was to be headed by British
 * <span style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: separate; line-height: 19px;">Britain's power in North Africa was high (mostly felt in Egypt)
 * <span style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: separate; line-height: 19px;">He considered to be the interference in the internal affairs of one country by a colonial European power
 * <span style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: separate; line-height: 19px;">He used his influence to persuade officers in the Egyptian Army
 * <span style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: separate; line-height: 19px;">Interference was unacceptable
 * <span style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: separate; line-height: 19px;">All vestiges of British rule/influence had to be removed from Egypt
 * <span style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: separate; line-height: 19px;">He was stationed as an instructor in the Egyptian Army Staff College
 * <span style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: separate; line-height: 19px;">He was mad by the apparent corruption within certain sections of the Royal Family
 * <span style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: separate; line-height: 19px;">He plotted vs. the king for the sake of Egypt’s future
 * <span style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: separate; line-height: 19px;">Helped organised revolt vs Royal Family = <span style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: separate; line-height: 19px;">King Farouk overthrown
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Ideology, Motivation, Goals:
 * <span style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: separate; line-height: 19px;">Egypt free of any overtones of colonialism
 * <span style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: separate; line-height: 19px;">Could bring him into conflict with Britain + France
 * <span style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: separate; line-height: 19px;">Did the most possible to restore national pride to all Arab nations ||
 * <span style="display: block; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: left;">Significant Actions & Events During Term of Power: * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: separate; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: 19px;">He stand against 2 major European powers = popularity in Arab nations
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: separate; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: 19px;">He set the Egyptianisation of his country
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: separate; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: 19px;">Flooding of the River Nile was a big problems
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: separate; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: 19px;">He planed to build a dam
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: separate; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: 19px;">He planed to build a dam
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Short-Term Effects:

<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: separate; line-height: 19px;">Nile River Dam
 * <span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 10pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">Egypt aid from West
 * <span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 10pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">Political parties were banned
 * <span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 10pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">Imposed military regimes
 * <span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 10pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">Reduced the living standards of the military people || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Long-Term Effects:
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: separate; line-height: 19px;">Became symbol of Arab freedom
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: separate; line-height: 19px;">He restored the national pride ||

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The fall of the Ottoman Empire had a lot to do with the rise of nationalism in the Middle East. Ottoman Empire began to decline with the lost of Greece and North Africa and during WWI the Ottomans sided with the Germans. During that time they killed a million of Christian Armenians in the Armenian Genocide. British and French forces convince Arabs to revolt against the Ottomans At the end of WWI the Ottoman Empire collapsed. Turkey was all that was left under Ottoman Control. But after a while the last Ottoman Sultan was driven out of Turkey. Mustafa Kemal became president and transformed Turkey into a modern state. Kemal eliminated Arabic elements from the Turkish language and adopted the Roman alphabet. Kemal force people to adopt last name, he outlawed all Muslim customs and tradition. He gave equal rights to women including the right to vote. Oil was discovered in Persia and foreign investor flooded the country. Most of the money made by oil was taken by foreigners and this led a Persian nationalist movement. Reza Khan took over the government and became the Shah. Khan followed Kemals examples and modernized Persia and renamed it Iran. During WWII he harbored a big number of Nazi's in Iran. But the Arab nationalism came alone when Britain and France controlled the Arab mandates of Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, and Syria. The problem of Palestine was that Great Britain controlled the mandates of Palestine. Britain issued the Belfour Declaration which supported the idea of a Jewish homeland. They also promised to protect the right of non Jewish people. Tensions between Jews and Muslims increased in Palestine (Palestine was 98% Muslim).
 * Summary on Middle East Nationalism:**