The+Rise+of+Russia

Russian civilization initially depended on its gaining freedom from Mongol control. Moscow princes initially gained political experience as tax collectors for the Mongols, but gradually they moved toward regional independence. Mongols also made trade and manufacturing low so Russia became agricultural (peasant work). The Mongolians also changed the dressing habits and social habits because many Russian landlords adopted from their style.
 * 1. Describe the effects of Mongol occupation on Russian civilization**

Ivan III-Ivan the Great organized a strong army, giving the new government a military emphasis it would long retain. With that great army he freed a big part of Russia from the Mongols. The territory that he gained stretched from the borders of Polish Lithuanian kingdom to the Ural Mountains. His army not only let him take that territory but the expansion pushed southward towards the Caspian Sea, East of Ural Mountains, and Western Siberia.
 * 2. Trace Russian expansion under the Ivans.**

Russian civilization initially depended on its gaining freedom from Mongol control. Moscow princes initially gained political experience as tax collectors for the Mongols, but gradually they moved toward regional independence. Mongols also made trade and manufacturing low so Russia became agricultural (peasant work). The Mongolians also changed the dressing habits and social habits because many Russian landlords adopted from their style. Ivan III-Ivan the Great organized a strong army, giving the new government a military emphasis it would long retain. With that great army he freed a big part of Russia from the Mongols. The territory that he gained stretched from the borders of Polish Lithuanian kingdom to the Ural Mountains. His army not only let him take that territory but the expansion pushed southward towards the Caspian Sea, East of Ural Mountains, and Western Siberia. ||
 * 3. Leadership Analysis of Peter the Great and Catherine the Great:**
 * Name of Leader: Peter I ||
 * Lifespan: Born June 9 1672 and Died February 8 1725 (aged 52) || Title: **Peter the Great** ||
 * Country/region: Russia || Years in Power: May 1682-February 1725 ||
 * Political, Social, & Economic Conditions Prior to Leaders Gaining Power:
 * Ideology, Motivation, Goals:
 * Extremely tall (6.8”)
 * The expansion of Russia
 * Tsarist policies encouraging westernization focused only on particular aspects of western society
 * He also changed selected aspects of economy and culture by imitating the reforms of the west
 * Vigorous + Intelligent Leader (ruthless energy)
 * Extending his policies of building up control
 * Wanted Russia to be like the western cultural ||
 * Significant Actions & Events During Term of Power:
 * Worked as a ship’s carpenter in Holland
 * Supported upper class women
 * Political Views = Autocratic
 * Forced police to watch over political leaders
 * Recruited bureaucrats from other regions + gave noble titles in exchange
 * Adopted west military tactics
 * Started Trading Camp
 * Education system focused on math + science ||
 * Short-Term Effects:
 * Attacked Ottoman Empire (no victory)
 * Moved Russia’s capital (Moscow -> St. Petersburg)
 * Eliminated noble council
 * Added advisers under his control
 * Temporarily became major power
 * Changed power of aristocrats
 * Established trading ports (Baltic + Caspian Sea) || Long-Term Effects:
 * Created first Russian Navy
 * Well defined military hierocracy
 * Improved armies weaponry
 * Law code for whole empire
 * Revised tax system
 * Secret Police
 * Increased Learning
 * Westernized Russia ||

The death of Peter the Great in 1724 was followed by several decades of weak rule, dominated in part by power plays among army officers who guided the selection of several ineffective emperors and empresses. The weakness of stardom in these years encouraged new grumblings about undue westernization and some new initiatives by church officials eager to gain more freedom to maneuver, but no major new policy directions were set. Russian territorial expansion continued, with several clashes with the Ottoman empire and further exploration and settlement in Siberia. Peter III, nephew of Peter the Greats’ younger daughter, reached the throne. He was retarded, but his wife, a German-born princess who changed her name to Catherine son took matters in hand. ||
 * Name of Leader: Catherine II ||
 * Lifespan: Born May 2 1729 and Died November 17 1796 (aged 67) || Title: **Catherine the Great** ||
 * Country/region: Russia || Years in Power: July 1762 - November 1796 ||
 * Political, Social, & Economic Conditions Prior to Leaders Gaining Power:
 * Ideology, Motivation, Goals:
 * Converted to the Orthodox faith (after marriage)
 * Maintained an active personal life
 * Succession of lovers (some of them politically influential)
 * Flirted with the ideas of the French Enlightenment ||
 * Significant Actions & Events During Term of Power:
 * Defended the powers of the central monarch
 * Put down a vigorous peasant uprising
 * Use the **Pugachev** **rebellion** as an excuse to extend the powers of the central government in regional affairs ||
 * Short-Term Effects:
 * Summoned various reform commission to discuss new law codes and other Western style measures
 * French Revolution
 * Resumed campaigns against the Ottoman Empire
 * Won territories in central Asia
 * Increased Russian interference in Polish affairs
 * Russia was able to win agreements with Austria and Prussia (**partition** **of** **Poland**) || Long-Term Effects:
 * Maintained a trade-off (previous 2 centuries in Russia)
 * Gave new powers to the nobility over their serfs
 * Continued to build St. Petersburg
 * Three centuries of extraordinary development
 * Won independence + constructed a strong central state
 * New elements into Russia’s culture and economy (from West)
 * Largest land empire in the world ||

//Similarities:// //Differences:// //Thesis Statement// Compare and Contrast Russian Expansion with the West: Russian Expansion and the West during the 1400-1800 both used a strong military for conquest. Agriculture was important like in Russia estate agriculture and in the West plantation agriculture. They both had some similarities but not as many differences.
 * Create a list of similarities and difference between Russian Expansion between 1400-1800 and "The West" during the same time.**
 * Dependence on coercive labor system
 * Conquest = Military Superiority
 * Origins= Overcoming Internal Invaders
 * Agriculture = Important
 * Women = Female leaders supported expansion
 * Religious Element
 * West > encomienda and slavery / Russia > serfdom
 * Russia > week navy / West > strong navy
 * West = Spain -> reconquista over Muslim / Russia = Overthrow of Mongol overlords
 * Russia > venture capital = State / West > venture capital = private
 * Russia Gains goes to State / West gains go more commercial
 * Russia > Estate Agriculture / West > Plantation Agriculture (cash crop)
 * Russia > Dependent Economy / West > Corp
 * Russia > Land Base Empire / West > Sea Base Empire
 * Russia > Catherine II / West > Elizabeth + Isabella

Russian form of Slavery - deferred from the Europeans because it was labor enforced on their own kind For gov't to regulate peasant life + satisfy the nobility A lot of Russia’s peasantry was enserfed to the landords Landlords = legal rights over serfs If you born into a serf family you couldn’t escape your duties (an act) Could be bought/sold/gambled away/and punished by masters Considered slaves (but illiterate) paid higher taxes + owed a lot of labor service to the landlord Russia society wasn’t just made of landlords + serfs No noble bureaucrats + professionals Small merchant group Cities depended a lot on west imports Social system + economy worked well Produce enough to expand Traded furs and other goods w/ central Asia Populations double to 36 million Agric. remained dominate <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Society wasn’t please w/ economic + social systems= protest <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Landlords continued to hold absolute power <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Recurring peasant rebellions <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Peasants respected the tsars (hate for landlord) <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Some even attacked + killed landlords <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Famous rebellions = Pugachev’s <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">He’d end taxes + serfdom + military conscription. <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Words traveled through Russia (until defeated) <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Body was sent in a case + he was cut in pieces on public square <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Regions west of Russia = aiming for the borderland between east + Western Europe <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Balkans was growing trade w/ west <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Greek merchants picked up enlightenment ideas (w/ trading) <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Poland, Czech, and Slovak = western cultural <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Copernicus (Polish scientist) contributed to scientific rev. + reformation <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Prussian territory expanded towards Poland <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Poland + Lithuania united = the second largest state (next to Russia)
 * Take notes (Main Ideas and Details) on themes in Russia at this time**
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Serfdom
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Dependence
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Social Unrest
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Eastern Europe