East+and+South+East+Asia

Toward Revolution in China Main Idea- The abdication of Puyi marked the end of a century-long losing struggle on the part of the Qing dynasty to protect Chinese civilization from foreign invaders and revolutionary threats. Details
 * 5. Take outline notes on China from 1912-Present (20 points)**
 * Toward Revolution in China 685-689
 * Yuan Shikai
 * Warlord in northern China
 * After fall of Qing dynasty
 * Hoped to seize imperial throne
 * President of China after 1912
 * Resigned int he face of Japanese invasion in 1916

China's May Fourth Movement and the Rise fo the Marxist Alternative Main Idea- Sun yat-sen headed the Revolutionary Alliance, a loose coalition of anti-Qing political groups that had spearheaded the 1911 revolt Details
 * May Fourth Movement
 * Resistance to Japanese encroachments in China began on this date in 1919
 * Spawned movement of intellectuals aimed at transforming China into a liberal democracy
 * Rejected Confucianism
 * Li Dazhao
 * Chinese intellectual who gave serious attention to Marxist philosophy
 * Headed study circle at the University of Beijing
 * Saw peasants as vanguard of revolutionary communism in Chine
 * Mao Zedong
 * Communist leader in revolutionary China
 * Advocated rural reform and role of peasantry in nationalist revolution
 * Influenced by Li Dazhao
 * Led Communist reaction against Guomindang purges
 * Culminating in Long March of 1934
 * Seized control of all of mainland China by 1949
 * Initiated Great Leap Forward in 1958
 * Migration
 * After the May Fourth Movement
 * Chinese started to consider communism after Russian Revolution
 * Intellectuals paid attention to Marx and other socialist thinkers

The Seizure of Power by China's Guomindang Main Idea- Years when the communist movement in China was being put together by urban students and intellectuals Details
 * Guomindang
 * Chinese Nationalist party
 * Founded by Sun Yat-sen in 1919
 * Drew support from local warlords and Chinese criminal underworld
 * initially forged alliance with Communists in 1924
 * Dominated by Chiang Kai-shek after 1925
 * Whampoa Military Academy
 * Founded in 1924
 * Military wing of the Guomindang
 * First head of teh academy was Chiang Kai-shek
 * Chiang Kai-shek
 * A military officer
 * Succeeded Sun Yat-sen as the leader of the Guomindang or Nationalist party in China int he mid-1920s
 * Became the most powerful leader in China int he early 1930s
 * But his Nationalist forces were defeated and driven from China by the Communists after WWII

Mao and the Peasant Option Main Idea- Thought the son of a fairly prosperous peasant, Mao Zedong had rebelled early in his life against his father;s exploitation of the tenants and laborers who worked the family fields. Details
 * Long March
 * Communist escape from Hunan province during civil war with Guomindang in 1934
 * Center of COmmunist power moved to Shaanzi province
 * Firmly established Mao Zedong as head of the Communist party in China

Main Idea- Just as he was convinced that he was on the verge of victory, Chiang Kai-shek's anticommunist crusade had been ruled interrupted by the Japanse invasion of the Chinese mainland Details
 * Mao’s China and Beyond 823-830
 * Mao's China and Beyong **
 * People's Republic of China
 * Communist government of mainland China
 * Proclaimed in 1949
 * Following military success of Mao Zedong over forces of Chiang Kai-shek and the Guomindang
 * Lin Biao
 * Chinese commander under Mao
 * Trained at Chiang Kaishe's Whampoa Academy int he 1920s

The Communists Come to Power Main Idea- The communists' long struggle for control had left the party with a strong political and military organization Details
 * Party Cadres
 * Basis of China's communist government organization
 * Cadre advisors were attached to military contingents at all levels
 * People's Liberation Army
 * Chinese Communist army
 * Administered much of country under People's Republic of China

Planning for Economic Groth and Social Justice Main Idea- On the domestic front, the new leader f China moved with equal vigor, thought with a good deal less success. Details
 * Mass Line
 * Economic policy of Mao Zedong
 * Led to formation of agricultural cooperatives in 1955
 * Cooperatives became farming collectives in 1956

The Great Leap Backward Main Idea- Political opposition within the party and army apparently in check, Mao and his supporters launched programs Details
 * Great Leap Forward
 * Economic policy of Mao Zedong introduced in 1958
 * Proposed industrialization of small-scale projects integrated into peasant communes
 * Led to economic disaster
 * Ended in 1960
 * Pragmatists
 * Chinese Comunist politcians such as Zhou Enlai, Deng Xiaoping, and Liu Shaoqui
 * Determined to restore state direction and market incentives at the local level opposed Great Leap Forward
 * Zhou Enlai
 * After Mao Zedong
 * The most important leader of the Communist party in China from the 1930s until his death in 1976
 * Premier of China from 1954
 * Notable as perhaps the most cosmopolitan and moderate of the inner circle of Communist leaders
 * Liu Shaoqui
 * Chinese Communist pragmatist
 * With Deng Xiaoping
 * Came to power in 1959
 * After Mao was replaced
 * Determined to restore state direction and market incentives at local level
 * Purged in 1966 as Mao returned to power
 * Deng Xiaoping
 * One of the more pragmatic,
 * Least ideological of the major Communist leaders of China
 * Joined the party as a young man int he 1920s
 * Survived the legendary Long March and persecution during the Cultural Revolution of the 1960s
 * Emerged as China's most influential leader in the early 1980s

"Women Hold Up Half of the Heavens" Main Idea- In Mao's struggles to renew the revolutionary fervor of the Chinese people, his wife, played an increasingly prominent role Details
 * Jiang Qing
 * Mao's wife
 * Wife of Mao Zedong
 * One of Gang of Four
 * Opposed pragmatists and supported Cultural Revolution of 1965
 * Arrested and imprisoned for life in 1976

Mao's Last Campaign and the Fall of the Gang of Four Main Idea- Mao worker through the early 1960s to establish grassroots support for yet another renewal of the revolutionary struggle. Details
 * Cultural Revolution
 * Movement initiated in 1965 by mao Zedong to restore his dominance over pragmatists
 * Used mobs to ridicule Mao's political rivals
 * Campaign was called off in 1968
 * Red Guard
 * Student brigades utilized by Mao Zedong and his political allies during the Cultural Revolution to discredit Mao's political enemies
 * Gang of Four
 * Jiang Qing and four political allies who attempted to seize control of Communist government in China from the pragmatists
 * Arrested and sentenced to life imprisonment in 1976 following Mao Zedong's death

To receive full credit for your notes you must include the following terms/people in your notes. You must also include Main Ideas

May Fourth Movement, Li DaZhao, Mao Zedong, Chiang Kai-Shek, Long March, People’s Republic of China, Mass Line approach, Great Leap Forward, Jiang Qing, Cultural Revolution, Gang of Four.


 * 6. Read add take __brief__ notes on //Democratic Protest and Repression in China// 848-849 – Answer the questions at the end of the document (5 points)**

Mao Zedong came to power in China in 1949 after a bloody civil war between himself, leader of the Communist Party, and Chiang Kai-Shek, leader of the real Chinese government (the Nationalists). || During WWII, Chiang Kai-Shek was preoccupied with Japanse agression and the Communist under Mao Zedong started to build up their strengh in north China. They did this by carrying out a "mass line" policy (from the masses to the masses), cutting land rents, and spreading out the lands of the wealthy landlords to peasants.
 * 7. Complete a leadership analysis on Mao Zedong (5 points)**
 * Name of Leader: Mao Zedong ||
 *  Lifespan: Born December 26, 1893 and Death September 9, 1976 (aged 82) || Title:Chairman of Communist Party in China, Chairman of the People's Republic of China, Chairman of the CEntral Miliraty Commission, and Chairperson of the CPPCC ||
 * Country/Region: China ||  Years in Power: March 20, 1943 – September 9, 1976 ||
 * Political, Social, & Economic Conditions Prior to Leaders Gaining Power:
 * Ideology, Motivation, Goals:

As WWII started to end, the world started to see that the Communist in China were actually making some changes in China... for the BETTER and perhaps war would not break out if the USA stayed neutral. However, the inevitable did happen and by 1946 full scale war between the Nationalists and the Communists was happening. Peasants ran towards Zedong and the PLA (People's Liberation Army) for promised land and social justice while the middle class, shunned by Chiang Kai-Shek because of his governments' inability to stop economic inflation, did so too. ||
 * Significant Actions & events During Term of Power:
 * Cultural Revolution
 * The Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, commonly known simply as the Cultural Revolution, was a social movement that took place in the People's Republic of China from 1966 through to 1976. Set into motion by Mao Zedong, then Chairman of the Communist Party of China, it was designed to further cement socialism in the country by removing capitalist elements from Chinese society.
 * Long March
 * The Long March was a massive military retreat undertaken by the Red Army of the Communist Party of China, the forerunner of the People's Liberation Army, to evade the pursuit of the Kuomintang army. ||
 * Short-Term Effects: || Long-Term Effects: ||

>> >> // East Asia in the Postwar Settlements // Main Idea- At the end of WWII, a zone of reasonably stable noncommunist states developed along the Pacific Rim New Divisions and the End of Empires Main Idea- The victors in WWII had some reasonably clear ideas about how east Asia was to be restructured. Details
 * 8. Write a thesis statement for the following questions (10 points)**
 * Analyze the changes and continuities in Chinese politics from 1914 to the present
 * China from 1914 to the present saw many changes like from a weak nationalist party to a strong communist party. Another change was policies created to aid the peasants. But continuity was that Chinese politics still have opponent party elimination.
 * Analyze the changes in Chinese Society from 1914 to the present
 * From 1914 to the present, Chinese society were more focus on the peasant class and the increasing of women's rights.
 * 9. Notes on pages 813-823**
 * Taiwan
 * Island off Chinese mainland
 * Became refuge for Nationalist Chinese regime under Chiang Kai-shek as Republic of Chine in 1948
 * Successfully retained independence with aid of United States
 * Rapidly industrialized after 1950s

Japanase Recovery Main Idea- Japan in 1945 was in shambles. Details
 * Liberal Democratic party
 * Monopolized Japanese government from its formation in 1955 into the 1990s
 * Largely responsible for the economic reconstruction of Japan

Korea: Intervention and War Main Idea- Korea's postwar adjustment period was far more troubled than Japan's Details
 * Republic of Korea
 * Souther half of Korea sponsored by United States following WWII
 * Headed by nationalist Syngman Rhee
 * Developed parliamentary institutions but maintained authoritarian government
 * Defended by UN forces during Korean War
 * Underwent industrialization and economic emergence after 1950s
 * People's Democratic Republic of Korea
 * Northern half of Korea dominated by U.S.S.R.
 * Long headed by Kim Il-Sung
 * Attacked south in 1950 and initiated Korean War
 * Retained independence as a communist state after the war
 * Korean War
 * Fought from 1950 to 1953
 * North supported by U.S.S.R. and later People's Republic of China
 * South supported by United States and small international Untied Nations force
 * Ended in stalemate an continued division of Korea

Emerging Stability in Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Singapore Main Idea- Postwar adjustments in Taiwan involved yet another set of issues. Details
 * Hong Kong
 * British colony on Chinese mainland
 * Major commercial center
 * Agreement reached between Britain and People's Republic of China returned colony to China in 1997

//Japan, Incorporated// Japan's Distinctive Political and Cultural Style Main Idea- The chief emphasis of Japanese politics lay in conservative stability.

The Economic Surge Main Idea- Particularly after the mid-1950s, rapid economic growth made Japan's clearest mark internationally and commanded the most intense energies at home.

//The Pacific Rim: New Japans?// The Korean Miracle Main Idea- South Korea was the most obvious example o the spread of new economic dynamism to other parts of the Pacific Rim Details
 * Hyundai
 * Example of huge industrial groups that wield great power in modern South Korea
 * Virtually governed Korea's southeastern coast
 * Vertical economic organization with ships, supertankers, factories, schools, and housing unites

Advances in Taiwan and the City-States Main Idea- The Republic of China, as the government of Taiwan came to call itself, experienced a high rate of economic development. Details
 * Chiang Ching-kuo
 * A military officer who succeeded Sun yat-sen as the leader of the Guomindang or Nationalist party in China in the mid 1920s
 * Became the most powerful leader in China int he early 1930s
 * But His nationalist force were defeated and driven from China by the Communists after WWII
 * Lee Kuan Yew
 * Ruler of Singapore from independence in 1950 through three decades
 * Established tightly controlled authoritarian government
 * Ruled through People's Action party to suppress political diversity

Common Themes and New Problems Main Idea- The Pacific Rim states had more in common than their rapid growth rates and expanding exports.