The+West




 * 1. Using Scribble Maps outline the nations that you think are included when we discuss "The West". After embedding the map explain your rationale**

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I thought the USA, Canada, and Europe are countries that are part of "The West" because those are the biggest country that have power during the time period. But I found out that Australia is also part of "The West." Since Australia is on the bottom right conner is hard to be seen so I never really though of it as being part or not.

// The Roaring Twenties // Bouncing Back? Main Idea- The postwar challenges to western European society were immense Details
 * 2. Read p. 673- 678 - and 690 - 695 Outline notes**
 * Cubist movement
 * Art style of the 20th century
 * best represented by Spanish artist Pablo Picasso
 * rendered familiar objects as geometrical shapes
 * Many died + many injuries + a blow to their morale
 * Property damage + economic dislocation
 * Govts made more money instead of raising taxes
 * New democratic republic in German
 * Germany = still paying for WWI reparations
 * Writers + composers = challenged stylistic traditions
 * Work in science by Albert Einstein
 * Atomic structures + genetics = advanced
 * Mass consumption (radios) = important
 * Middle-class women = more participation
 * Women -> nightclubs + smoked + danced crazes
 * US + Germany + Great Britain + Turkey women = right to vote
 * Agriculture + Coal Mining did not recover prosperity
 * British economy = sluggish
 * Western Europe did not regain export markets taken over by US + Japan
 * Western European countries = political extremism
 * Many communist parties arose in Western Europe

Other Industrial Centers Main Idea- Canada, Australia, and New Zealand gained rewards for their loyal participation in WWI Details
 * Australia = independent + gained particular pride in military role
 * Conferences confirmed independence of Dominions
 * US economic + culture advanced fast
 * Economy boomed + corporations expanded
 * Organizations of work system = changed
 * Henry Ford = assembly line to automobile
 * Production changes in Europe + Japan + Soviet Union
 * US increased popular cultural exports
 * Jazz spread from African Americans to Europe
 * Hollywood = center for films i
 * Many stars = foreign + became international staples
 * US refused to sign Treaty of Versailles
 * US pursued + isolationist policy (2 decades)
 * Japan = new stage of industrialization
 * Agriculture improved
 * Japan = shipbuilding + electrical power + organized mainly the state
 * Japan depended on cheap exports to the west
 * Depend on forgein earnings

New Authoritarianism: The Rise of Fascism Main Idea- Explicit hostility to liberal and democratic political systems emerged first on the fringes of western Europe Details
 * Benito Mussolini
 * Italian fascist leader after WWI
 * Created first fascist government
 * Based on aggressive foreign policy + new nationalist glories
 * Formed the "fascio di combattimento"
 * Fascism
 * Political philosophy that became predominant in Italy + Germany
 * Attacked weakness of democracy + corruption of capitalism
 * Promised vigorous foreign + military programs
 * Undertook state control of economy to reduce social friction
 * Italians vaguely advocated a new system that would replace capitalism + socialism
 * Countries = need for a new authoritarian leadership + devotion to nationalist values
 * Postwar conditions = Italy's boost
 * Italian parliament = weak
 * Mussolini = stepped up
 * Growing political divisions + rising threat = Italian King called on Mussolini to form a new govt
 * Fascist = only hope w/ few supporters

The New Nations of East Central Europe Main Idea- Authoritarian regimes also took root in east central Europe during the 1920s, though they were not explicitly fascist Details
 * New nations
 * From Baltic States -> Yugoslavia
 * Consumed by nationalist excitement at independence
 * Excitement at lances about territories
 * Authoritarianism arrived through dictator
 * If not = monarch's seizure of new power

A Balance Sheet Main Idea- Changes in Europe, other Western societies, and Japan were complex Details
 * Democratic + parliamentary political forms took further root
 * Germany
 * Canada
 * Japan
 * Significant industrial + social change combined w/ signs of creativity in culture, sciences + arts
 * Challenges to democracy arose in Italy + East Central Europe
 * Japaneses politics became less stable
 * US tried to isolate themselves for the world
 * Economy of Western Europe was challenge byt eh greater vigor of US + Japan

// The Global Great Depression // Causation Main Idea- Structural problems affected many industrial societies, ever after postwar recovery Details
 * Great Depression
 * International economic crisis following in WWI
 * Began w/ collapse of American stock market
 * Actual causes included collapse of agricultural rices
 * Included collapse of baking house in the USA/Western Europe
 * Massive unemployment
 * Contradicted optimistic assumptions

The Debacle Main Idea- The formal advent of the Depression occurred when NY stock market collapsed Details

Responses to the Depression in Western Europe Main Idea- Western governments responded to the onset of the economic catastrophe counter-productively Details
 * Popular Front
 * Combination of socialist + communist political parties (France)
 * Won election (1936)
 * Unable to take strong measures of social reform bc of continuing strength of conservatives
 * Fell from power (1938)

The New Deal Main Idea- The USA generated another set of creative responses Details
 * New Deal
 * President Franklin Roosevelt's precursor of the modern welfare state
 * Programs to combat economic depression enacted a number of social insurance measures
 * Use government spending o stimulate the economy
 * Increased power of the state
 * The state's intervention in US social + economic life

// The Authoritarian Response // The Rise of Nazism Main Idea- German patterns differed markedly from the wavering responses of Germany's neighbors and from democratic welfare innovations, too Details
 * Totalitarian state
 * Anew kind of government in the 20th century
 * Exercised massive, direct control over virtually all the activities of is subjects
 * Existed in Germany + Italy + the Soviet Union
 * Gestapo
 * Secret police in Nazi Germany
 * Known for brutal tactics

The Spread of Fascism and the Spanish Civil War Main Idea- Nazi triumph in Germany inevitably spurred fascism in other parts of Europe Details
 * Spanish Civil War
 * War pitting authoritarian + military leaders in Spain against republicans + leftists
 * Germany + Italy supported the royalists
 * The Soviet Union supported the republicans
 * Led to victory fo the royalist forces

Economic and Political Changes in Latin America Main Idea- The limitations of liberalism became increasingly apparent in Latin America Details

Old and New Causes of a Second World War Main Idea- Grievances, major social, and poliical upheavals in several of the antions that had fought in WWI. Details
 * 3. Read WWII - OUTLINE (p.****709-721)**
 * National Socialist
 * a.k.a Nazi party
 * Led y Hitler in Germany
 * Picked up political suport during the economic chaos of the Great Depression
 * Advcated authoritarian state under a single leader
 * Aggressive foreign policy to reverse humiliation of the Versailles treaty
 * Took power in Germany

Unchecked Aggression and the Coming of War in Europe and the Pacific Main Idea- Leaders of the new totalitarian state acted ont eh lessont aht international rivalries int eh preceding decades seemed to offer-that blatant aggression would succeed and at little cost Details
 * Winston Churchill
 * British prime minister
 * Responsible for British resistance to German air assaults

The Conduct of a Second Global War Nazi Blitzkfid, Stalemate, and the Long Retreat Main Idea- As japanese bogged down in China and debated the necessity of tangling with the US and the European colonial powers, the Nazi war machine captured France and the Low Countrise with stunning speed. Details
 * Blitzkrieg
 * German term for lightning warfare
 * Involved rapid movement of airplanes, tanks, and mechanized tropp carriers
 * Resulted in early German victories over Belgium, Holland, and France
 * Vichy
 * French collaborationist government
 * In souther France follwing defeat of French armies byt he Germans
 * IIn 1940
 * Battle of Britain
 * Nazi air offensive including saturation bombing of London and other British cities
 * countered by british innovative air tactics and radar tracking of german assault aircraft
 * countered by british innovative air tactics and radar tracking of german assault aircraft

From Persecution to Genocide: Hitler's War Against the Jews Main Idea- As the Nazi war machine bogged down in Russia, Hitler and his Nazi henchmen stepped up their vendetta against Gypsies, leftist politicians, homosexuals, and Jews Details
 * Holocaust
 * Term for Hitler's genocied of european Jews
 * Resulted ind eaths of 6 million Jews

Anglo-American Offensives, Encirclement, and the End of the 12-Year Reich Main Idea- The British were so absorbed int heir own stuggle for survival that they could provide little relief for he ir Soviet allies, hard pressed by what some have seen as Hitler's foolhardy invasion of Russia. Details
 * Battle of the Bulge
 * Hitler's last ditch effort to repel the invading Allied armies int he winter of 1944-1945

The Rise and Fall of the Japansese Empire in the Pacific War Main Idea- Japanese ahd been engaged in the amjor war ont eh Chinese mainland way before the attack on Pearl Harbor Details
 * Pearl Harbor
 * American naval base in hawaii
 * Attacked by Japanses on this facility in december 1941
 * Crippled American fleet in the Pacific
 * Caused entry of US in WWII
 * Battle of the Coral Sea
 * WWII pacific Battler
 * USS and Japanse force fought to a standoff
 * Midway Island
 * WWII Paciic battler
 * Decisive US victory over powerful japanse carrier force

War's End and the Emergence of the Superpower Standoff Main Idea- WWII did not produce the sweeping peace settlements, misguided as mot of them turned out to be, wich had officially ended the war Details From Hot War to Cold War Main Idea- The cold war would last until the 1980s, with various points of crisis and confrontation Details
 * United Nations
 * UN
 * International Organization
 * Formed in the afthermath of WWII
 * Included all of the victorious Allies
 * Its primary mission wa sot provide a forum for negotiating disputes
 * Tehran Conference
 * Meeting among leaders of the US, Britain, and the Soviet Uninon
 * 1943
 * Agreed to the opening of a new front in France
 * Yalta Conference
 * Meeting among leaders of the US, Britain, and the Soviet Union
 * 1945
 * Agreed to Soviet entry into the Pacific war in return for possessions in manchuria
 * Organization fo the US
 * Dispuited the division of political organization int he eastern european states to be reestablished after the war
 * Postdam Conference
 * Meeting among leader of the US, Britain, and the Soviet union
 * Before the end of WWII
 * 1945
 * Allies agreed upon Soviet domination in eastern Europe
 * Germany and Austria to be divided among victorious Allies

After WWII much of Western Europe lost their domincance in the world. Europe had to become secondary playering the Cold War against the Superpowers. Due to destruction of housing and transportaion, briges and rail lines affected food shipments causing lots of Refugees from Germany and France. WWII caused a resiting national movement in the colonies and the refused to aid their European colonial control. The cost to maintain these colonies were high resulting in decolonization. The Cold War was mainly a conflict between the U.S and the soviet Union. It played a major role on the political and society of western Europe. As for Eastern Europe, the soviets had invaded much of the Eastern nation enforcing communist regiemes. Resulting in the Eastern Bloc which included; Poland, Czechsolovakia, Bulgaria, Romania, and Hungry. This ended the Baltic states, Russia gained control of Poland, and some German land. The Russian control of the Eastern part of Germany was one step closer to control of Europe. Britain them saw that they couldn't handle Russia's pressure and the United States steped with The Marshall Plan. Germany was the focal point of the Cold war, it was divided into four parts administrated by U.S, Britain, Soviet Union, and France. The United States wanted to protect their western part of Germany by Building the Berlin wall and creating a major airlift to aid the west with supplies. The crisis endend in 1948 with East and west Germany being distinctly divided. The U.S formed NATO in 1949, to protect themselves againsg Sovietr agression. In return The Soviet created the Warsaw pact, and their own nuclear capability. From then on the U.S brought many influences on international policies. After the war Fascisim and other radical forms of government were discredited and European countries decided to move towards democracy again. It first began in Germany and Italy since they were recently liberated from fascist and nazi rule. France also created a new republic once the occupation ended. Western Germany was under U.S, Britain and France controll. The welfare state was resitance idea and shift leftward of political specturm help explain the new activism of the state in economic policy and welfare issues. New programs were needed in Britain to repay the lower classes for their loyalty and to protect economic inequality. Also followed were the new governments emerged like communist socialist- christian democracy in France and Italy, were all quikly making new government reforms to better the economy. Now unemployment and health ensurance was all a part of the program. Along with extention of democracy and developing the welfare state, the west focused on showing traditional diplomatic problems, with rivals, & specific manifestations. The goal was to restore Europes spirt. Institutitonwere established to link policies inheavy industry and later to develop atomic power. The European Union was formed to create a single economic entity across national political boundries. But it did no mean they were under a single government. With the help of welfare state and European union by the mid-1950s Europes economy was entering a new phase.Agriculture production grew rapidly but now as the agriculture of the U.S. The production of automoblies and appliences also helped growing factories. They still remained a leading source for weapon production by exporting only to U.S and Soviet. Immigration also contributed to the economy. The U.S made tradional change but so did Austrailia, New Zealand, and Canada. Canada established a welfare policy to better economic planning and state run medical plan. Canada continued to intergrate with the U.S. Many immigrants from Asia came to Canada. Quebec's remained under frech canadian influences. in 1945 Austrailia and New Zealand moved away from Great Britains control.
 * 4. Read Chapter 31 (p.732 - 750)**
 * What were the major effects of decolonization post WWII on Europe?
 * How did the Cold War divide Europe? What were the implications of this division?
 * Why did European governments move towards Liberal Democracies?
 * What was the welfare state? Why did they develop? what were the issues?
 * Trace growing diplomatic relationships within Europe
 * Outline economic development in Europe
 * Outline the post war development of the non-European West (Excluding the United States)
 * Explain the growing role of the United States in world affairs


 * Trace developments for women in the post war West


 * Outline cultural developments in Europe.