Early+Modern+Period




 * Big changes from 1450 to 1750 (world map changes)
 * Russian + Ottoman empires extended over Europe + Asia
 * Mughal Empire ruled over India (much of it)
 * 1450: trade routes among Asia, Africa, and Europe
 * 1750: oceangoing routes across the Pacific + Atlantic + Indian O.
 * Revival of empire building
 * Ottoman Turks conquered Constantinople
 * Exploration by Europeans along the Atlantic coast of Africa
 * New military tech (compasses + other navigational devices)
 * Better sailing ships (armed w/ cannon)
 * Forging of a new global economy
 * New biological exchanges of food/animals/people
 * Emergence of new, large empires based on guns/gunnery
 * Inter. trade increased (including the Americas) = bringing regions closer together
 * Corn + Potato (from Americas) began to grow in Asia + Europe = Population ^
 * Labor shortage int he Americas = African slave trade
 * New Diseased + unprecedented levels of death = realities for many regions
 * New influence of science in western Europe
 * Rise of Japanese Confucianism
 * Islam reaching southeast Asia + southeast Europe + conversion to Christianity int eh Americas
 * More men than women were seized in Africa
 * Indians in Americas died by the European + African immigrant bringing disease (smallpox + measles)

Chapter 16: The World Economy Chapter 17: The Transformation of the West Chapter 18: The Rise of Russia Chapter 19: Latin America Chapter 20: Africa and the Africans Chapter 21: Muslim Empires Chapter 22: Asian Transitions in an Age of Global Change

 1517-1541 - Protestant Reformation 1600-1690 - Scientific Revolution 1756-1763 - Seven Year’s War between France and England (at the end of the war, England acquired “New France” 1434-1498 - Portuguese explorer Vasco de Gama sails through open seas to Asia || -The creation of the carrack and caravel designs in Portugal || - New ideas sparked some debate over women’s conditions, thought little real change. - New influence of science || 1509- Spanish colonies on American mainland 1519-1524: Cortes conquers Mexico 1533- Pizarro wins Peru 1548- Portuguese government in Brazil 1759-1788: Reforms of Latin American colonial administration 1781- Indian revolts in New Grenada and Peru 1792- Slave uprising in Haiti || - Creation of European colonies meant to grow cash crops and mine for gold (Portugal--> Brazil; Spain --> Latin America) - Decimation of Native American peoples and culture (millions died b/c of European diseases) || - Conversions of Christianity in the Americas || 1608- First French North American colonies 1713 New Bourbon dynasty (Spain) 1775-1783: American Revolution || - Creation of European colonies meant to grow cash crops (France --> North America; Britian --> North America) ||  || 1552 - Russia begins expansion into central Asia and Western Siberia 1627 - Russian pioneers to the Pacific - Peter the Great || - Shift towards Western European military organization, culture, and economics. || Continuation of coercive labor system (serfdom) || 1350s - Ottoman invasion of southeastern Europe 1453 - Ottomans seize control of Constantinople with the help of Mehmed II 1501- 1510 - Savafid conquest of Iran 1520 - Suleiman the Magnificent takes control of the Ottoman Empire 1682- 1699 - Turks driven from Hungary ||  || - Rise of Muslim dominated empires (Ottomans, Savafids, Mughals) || 1526 - Babur conquest in northern India; forms the Mughal Empire 1600 - Dutch and British begin trade activities on the Indian subcontinent 1641 - Dutch colonies in Indonesia 1658-1707 - Rule of Aurangzeb; Mughal decline 1764 - British East India Company controls Bengal ||  ||   || 1405-1433 - Chinese expedition period 1644 - Qing dynasty ||  || - China prided itself on reviving and then maintaining its system of government. || 1441- Beginning of European slave trade in Africa 1570- Portuguese colony of Angola 1591- Fall of Songhay 1652 - Dutch colony in South Africa 1770s- European-Bantu conflicts in southern Africa || - Peak of the trans-Atlantic slave trade; millions of slaves exported to North America, Middle East, and other regions around the world || - African societies preserved earlier traditions of divine kinship - Slave trade affected gender balances on both sides of the Atlantic (more men than women were seized) - African polygamy || 1603- Tokugawa shogunate 1640s- Japan moves into isolation ||  || - Rise of Japanese confucianism ||
 * Region || Major Events || Major Developments || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Major Continuities ||
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Western Europe || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">1500-1600 - Commercial Revolution
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Central/South Americas || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">1492 - Italian Christopher Columbus’ voyage to the New World with backing from Spain
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">North America || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">1608- First British colonies in North America
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Russia || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">1480 - Moscow is freed from Mongol control
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Middle East || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">1281 - Founding of the Ottoman dynasty
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">India || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">1510-1511 - The Portuguese gain control of vital trading ports Goa in India and Malacca in Indonesia
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">China || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">1368 - Founding of the Ming dynasty in China
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">African || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">1434-1498: Portuguese expeditions down west African coast
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Japan || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">1590- Hideyoshi unifies Japan