Latin+Amera-+Revolution+and+Reaction

Latin America After World War II Main Idea- The end of WWII was not a turning point for Latin America, which was only modestly involved in the war, though the economies of many countries grew as a result of wartime demand. Mexico and the PRI Main Idea- From the 1940s until a historic change int he 2000 election, Mexico was controlled by the Party of the Institutionalized Revolution. Details
 * PRI
 * Party of the Institutionalized Revolution
 * Dominant political party in Mexico
 * Developed during the 1920s and 1930s
 * Incorporated labor, peasants, military, and middle-class sectors
 * Controlled other political organizations in Mexico
 * Zapatistas
 * Guerrilla movement named in honor of Emiliano Zapata
 * Originated in 1994
 * In Mexico's souther state of Chiapas
 * Government responded with a combination of repression and negotiation

Radical Options in the 1950s Main Idea- After WWII, key Latin American nations continued earlier political patterns. Guatemala: Reform and U.S. Intervention Main Idea- The first place where more radical solutions were tried was Guatemala. Details
 * Juan Jose Arevalo
 * Elected president of Guatemala in 1944
 * Began series of socialist reforms including land reform
 * nationalist program directed against foreign owned companies such as United Fruit Company
 * United Fruit Company
 * Most important foreign economic concern in Guatemala during the 20th century
 * Attempted land reform aimed at United Fruit cause US intervention in Guatemalan politics leading to ouster of reform government in 1954

The Cuban Revolution: Socialism in the Caribbean Main Idea- The differences between Cuban and Guatemala underline the diversity of Latin America and the dangers of partial revolutions. Details >>
 * Fulgencio Batista
 * Dictator of Cuba
 * From 1934 to 1944
 * Returned to presidency in 1952
 * Ousted from government by revolution led by Fidel Castro
 * Fidel Castro
 * Cuban revolutionary
 * overthrew dictator Fulgencio Batista in 1958
 * Initiated series of socialist reforms
 * Came to depend almost exclusively on Soviet Union
 * Ernesto "Che" Guevara
 * Argentine revolutionary
 * Aided Fidel Castro in overthrow of Fulgencio Batista regime in Cuba
 * Died while directing guerrilla movement in Bolivia in 1967

The Search for Reform and the Military Option Main Idea- Latin Americans continued to seek solutions to their problems using Catholic, Marxist, and capitalist doctrines. Details
 * Liberation Theology
 * Combined Catholic theology and socialist principles in efforts to bring about improved conditions for the poor in Latin America in 20th century

Out of the Barracks: Soldiers Take Power Main Idea- The success of the Cuban revolution impressed and worried those who feared revolutionary change within a communist political system. Details
 * Salvador Allende
 * President of Chile
 * Nationalized industries and banks
 * Sponsored peasant and worker expropriations of lands and foreign owned factories
 * Overthrown in 1973 by revolt of Chilean military with the support o the USA

The New Democratic Trends Main Idea- In Argentina and elsewhere in South America, by the mid-1980s the military had begun to return government to civilian politicians. Details
 * Sandinista Party
 * Nicaraguan socialist movement named after Augusto Sandino
 * Successfully carried out a socialist revolution in Nicaragua during the 1980s

The United States and Latin America: Continuing Presence Main Idea- As a backdrop to the political and economic story we have traced thus far stands the continuing presence of the United States. Details
 * Augusto Sandino
 * Led a guerrilla resistance movement against US occupation forces in Nicaragua
 * Assassinated by Nicaraguan national Guard in 1934
 * Became national hero and symbol of resistance to US influence in Central America
 * Banana Republics
 * Term given to governments supported or created by the US in Central America
 * Belied to be either corrupt or subservient to US interest
 * Good Neighbor Policy
 * Established by Franklin D. Roosevelt for dealing with Latin America in 1933
 * Urged reduction in nuclear armament
 * proclaimed policies of glasnost and perestroika
 * Alliance for Progress
 * Begun in 1961 by the United State to develop Latin America as an alternative to radical political solutions
 * Enjoyed only limited success
 * Failure of development programs led to renewal of direct intervention

Societies in Search of Change Main Idea- Social relations changed slowly in Latin America. Slow Change in Women's Roles Main Idea- The role of women has changed slowly.

The Movement of People Main Idea- In 1950 the populations of North America and Latin America were both about 165 million, but by 1985 North America's population was 265 million, while Latin America's had grown to more than 400 million.

Cultural Reflections of Despair and Hope Main Idea- Latin America remains an amalgamation of cultures and peoples trying to adjust to changing world realities.